My schooling and books say General John J. Pershing, Commander of the troops in Europe during World War I. wouldn’t have spread his troops among the British and French Divisions. As usual history is written by the victors and glosses over the truth.
Pershing, like most of the Army, was racist. He ignored how the Black regiments had fought in the Civil War and against the Indians. They were considered unreliable so when Marshall Foch begged Pershing for some fresh troops, Pershing sent him all the Black troops he had. The French had thousands of Black troops from their colonies in Africa and the Caribbean. The French were glad to have them even if they didn’t understand French.
The American Black regiments fought very hard and won many individual and unit citations. After being treated as equals in France many stayed and married French women. Others immigrated with French passports to some of the colonies.
When World War II rolled around, Black Americans were put in logistics and many excelled in the Red Ball Express’s job of supplying Patton’s drives. Few of the millions fighting were Black troops. Even the ethnic Japanese got their own unit (442 Regiment) for a chance to make a patriotic reputation.
Equality didn’t come until Harry S. Truman mandated it. Now all colors of Americans can fight and die. A fine example of equality in the military is General Colin Powell. We could use more like him.